NO
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CONTENTS
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PARAGRAPH
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I
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INTRODUCTION
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|
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(A) OVERVIEW
|
1
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(B) BRIEF BACKGROUND
|
3
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II
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PRESENT PROCEEDINGS
|
7
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III
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SOME PRELIMINARY MATTERS
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|
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(A) OS AND/OR SUMMONS
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22
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(B) APPLICATION TO AMEND OS
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23
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(C) SCOPE/AMBIT OF 1ST / 2ND DECLARATIONS
|
29
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(D) HUSBAND AFF
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31
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(E) OPEN OR NOT OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
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32
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(F) ANNOYMISATION OF PARTIES
|
39
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(G) PUBLICATION OF JUDGMENT
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41
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(H) AMICI NOT “CONTRADICTOR”
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43
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IV
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ISSUES
|
49
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V
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MAINTENANCE AND CHAMPERTY
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51
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(A) UNRUH
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52
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(B) WINNIE LO
|
57
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(C) POLICY AND EFFECT OF MAINTENANCE AND CHAMPERTY
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59 |
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(D) CATEGORIES OF RELEVANT CASE LAW
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62
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(E) MAINTENANCE AND CHAMPERTY NOT DEFENCE TO UNDERLYING CLAIM
|
65
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- NO DEFENCE OR STAY |
66 |
- BARE CAUSE OF ACTION |
75 |
VI
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JURISDICTION AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES
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|
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(A) WHETHER 1ST/2ND DECLARATIONS BY NATURE CIVIL MATTER OR INVOLVE DECLARATION OF NON-CRIMINALITY
|
83
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(B) PURPOSE OF DECLARATION OF NON-CRIMINALITY
|
85
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(C) POTENTIAL CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR MAINTENANCE AND CHAMPERTY
|
87
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(D) INTEREST IN 1ST/2ND DECLARATIONS
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- FUNDEE |
92 |
- FUNDER |
93 |
- QUERIES |
94 |
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(E) JURISDICTION TO GRANT DECLARATION OF NON-CRIMINALITY
|
96
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(F) WHETHER PRE-CLEARANCE DECLARATION OF NON-CRIMINALITY “MEANINGLESS”
|
114
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(G) WHETHER “QUALIFIED DECLARATIONS” “MEANINGLESS”
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- “MEANINGLESS” DECLARATIONS |
122 |
- INTERFACE WITH ACCESS TO JUSTICE EXCEPTION |
123 |
- “CHILLING EFFECT” ADDRESSED? |
124 |
- NO LIS BETWEEN FUNDER AND FUNDEE |
125 |
- HUSBAND’S STANCE |
127 |
- FUNDER NOT A PARTY |
129 |
- HYPOTHETICAL QUESTION |
130 |
- NO BREACH OR THREATENED BREACH |
131 |
- ADVISORY LEGAL OPINION |
132 |
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(H) PRACTICAL FEASIBILITY OF CARVING OUT DECLARATION OF NON-CRIMINALITY
|
136
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(I) “EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES”
|
144
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(J) WHETHER CASE FACT-SENSITIVE
|
147
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(K) MISCELLANEOUS EXCEPTIONS
|
161
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(L) ANALOGY WITH TRUSTEE’S BEDDOE APPLICATIONS?
|
162
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(M) ANALOGY WITH FUNDING APPROVAL IN INSOLVENCY CASES?
|
175
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(N) ANALOGY WITH FUNDING APPROVAL IN CLASS ACTIONS?
|
191
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(O) SECURITIES AND FUTURES COMMISSION V TIGER ASIA MANAGEMENT LLC
|
205
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(P) DECLARATIONS REGULARLY MADE?
|
210
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- ENGLAND AND WALES |
212 |
- AUSTRALIA |
213 |
- NEW ZEALAND |
216 |
- CANADA |
219 |
- SOUTH AFRICA |
221 |
- JERSEY |
222 |
- IRELAND |
223 |
- BERMUDA |
235 |
- TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO |
236 |
- CAYMAN ISLANDS |
239 |
- HONG KONG |
247 |
- SUMMARY |
248 |
VII
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ACCESS TO JUSTICE EXCEPTION ISSUE
|
250
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(A) PUBLIC POLICY TO PROTECT RIGHT OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE
|
253
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(B) PUBLIC POLICY TO ADDRESS MISCHIEFS OF MAINTENANCE AND CHAMPERTY
|
262
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- 2 STRANDS OF POLICY FACTORS |
266 |
- PROTECTING INTEGRITY OF LITIGATION PROCESS |
269 |
(I) STRIKING OUT OR STAYING PROCEEDINGS FOR ABUSE OF PROCESS |
273 |
(II) VOID OR UNENFORCEABLE CONTRACTS |
278 |
(III) ADVERSE COSTS ORDERS AGAINST FUNDER |
281 |
(IV) SECURITY FOR COSTS ORDERS AGAINST FUNDER |
301 |
(V) DISCLOSURE |
306 |
- PROTECTING AGAINST TENDENCY TO CORRUPT PUBLIC JUSTICE |
311 |
- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: TENDENCY TO CAUSE ABUSE |
315 |
- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC POLICY |
316 |
- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: LFA TO BE CLOSELY WATCHED |
318 |
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(C) DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMON LAW JURISDICTIONS
|
319
|
- SOUTH AFRICA |
321 |
- ENGLAND AND WALES |
325 |
- AUSTRALIA |
329 |
- NEW ZEALAND |
332 |
- SINGAPORE |
336 |
- BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS |
343 |
- IRELAND |
345 |
- CAYMAN ISLANDS |
346 |
- HONG KONG |
348 |
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(D) EXPERIENCE OF THIRD PARTY FUNDING IN ARBITRATION CASES
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|
- BACKGROUND |
356 |
- AO AS AMENDED |
364 |
- EXTENDING THIRD PARTY FUNDING TO GENERAL LITIGATION |
368 |
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(E) BALANCING EXERCISE BETWEEN PUBLIC POLICIES
|
380
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(F) MATRIMONIAL LAW DIMENSION
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|
- INEQUALITY IN ABILITY TO FUND LITIGATION |
402 |
- IMPACT OF CONDITIONAL/CONTINGENT FEES |
412 |
- LLC V LMWA |
416 |
- YOUNG V YOUNG |
418 |
- GOMEZ V AHRENS |
423 |
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(G) EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES BY REASON OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE EXCEPTION
|
425
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VIII
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COMMON INTEREST EXCEPTION ISSUE
|
438
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IX
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COURT GUIDANCE ISSUE
|
439
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(A) EX PARTE APPLICATION
|
440
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(B) INVOLVEMENT OF SJ
|
441
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(C) INVOLVEMENT OF OPPOSING PARTIES IN UNDERLYING LITIGATION
|
442
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|
(D) INVOLVEMENT OF FUNDER
|
445
|
X
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CONCLUSION
|
446
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